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Bottom-Up (Micro)
• Single-Point Estimation
• Three-Point Estimates
• Multiple Estimators
• Delphi Technique
1. Have people familiar with the tasks make the estimate.
2. Use several people to make estimates.
3. Base estimates on normal conditions, efficient methods, and a
normal level of resources.
4. Use consistent time units in estimating task times.
5. Treat each task as independent, don’t aggregate.
6. Don’t make allowances for contingencies.
7. Adding a risk assessment helps avoid surprises to
stakeholders.
Estimating Guidelines for Times, 

Costs, and Resources
Single Point Estimation
30 Days to
Complete
How long will Task A take to complete?
Bottom-up (Micro)
Three-Point Estimates
How long will Task A take to complete?
Optimistic (a) 20 days
Most Likely (m) 30 days
Pessimistic (b) 58 days
Three-Point Estimates
Optimistic (a) 20 days
Most Likely (m) 30 days
Pessimistic (b) 58 days
How long will Task A take to complete?
20 Days + 30 Days + 58 Days
3 Estimates
= 36 days
Triangular Distribution
or simple average
Activity Time Calculations
weighted average
activity time
=Te
Activity Time Calculations
Te
a + 4m + b
6
=
Three-Point Estimates
How long will Task A take to complete?
te
20+ 4*30 + 58
6
=
Optimistic (a) 20 days
Most Likely (m) 30 days
Pessimistic (b) 58 days
Three-Point Estimates
How long will Task A take to complete?
te = 33.00 days
Optimistic (a) 20 days
Most Likely (m) 30 days
Pessimistic (b) 58 days
Beta Distribution
Optimistic (a)
LikelinessorProbability—>
Most Likely (m)
Pessimistic (b)
te
Beta Distribution
Optimistic (a)
LikelinessorProbability—>
Most Likely (m)
Pessimistic (b)
33.00 days
Three-Point Estimates
Estimated Project Duration: 243 days
Probably that project will be done in
250 days: 74%
PERT Analysis
Multiple Estimators
Bottom Up Estimating
Estimator 1 Estimator 2 Estimator 33
20 Days 30 Days 50 Days
Bottom-up (Micro)
Multiple Estimators
Bottom Up Estimating
Estimator 1 Estimator 2 Estimator 33
20 Days 30 Days 50 Days
Bottom-up (Micro)
Multiple Estimators
Bottom Up Estimating
20 Days
Estimator 1 Estimator 2 Estimator 33
20 Days + 30 Days + 50 Days
3 Estimators
= 33.3 Days
Bottom-up (Micro)
30 Days 50 Days
Delphi Technique
Multiple Estimators
Estimator 1 Estimator 2 Estimator 3
30 days
3
Bottom-up (Micro)
Bottom-Up (Micro)
• Single-Point Estimation
• Three-Point Estimates
• Multiple Estimators
• Delphi Technique

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Bottom-up time estimations techiques